Author: Pradeep

  • ISRO/ASI Conference on Low Cost Planetary Missions Conference

    The 8th Low Cost Planetary Missions Conference (LCPM8) will be held in Goa, India between August 31, 2009 and September 4, 2009.The Conference is held by the Astronautical Society of India (ASI) with the support of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) on behalf of the International Academy of Astronautics (IAA).

    The programme of the conference includes: 

    1. Low Cost Planetary Missions: Science, Perspective and Challenges
    2. National and Joint International Programmes in Planetary Exploration
    3. Reduction and optimisation of the cost of Planetary Missions
    4. Recent Low Cost Planetary Missions
    5. New Results and Discoveries in the field of Planetary Exploration
    6. Low Cost Missions currently in Definition or Development Phase
    7. Science Instruments for Low Cost Missions
    8. Utilisation of existing Mini Satellite buses for Planetary Exploration
    9. Advanced Technologies for Future Low Cost Missions
    10. Advanced Concepts for future Low Cost Solar Exploration missions

    Here is the first announcement of opportunity to participate [PDF] in the conference.

    The contact person for pre-registration is Dr. D Gowrisankar: lcpm2009@isro.gov.in.

    For further details on the conference:

    1. Dr. J N Goswami – director@prl.res.in
    2. Dr. M Y S Prasad – mys@shar.gov.in

    Hope you can enjoy Goa and participate in this conference!

  • Purpose of life

    This blog post was originally posted on https://pradx.org/blog and was retrieved from the Wayback Machine here.

    The purpose of my life is to harmonise Man and Nature.

    Well, said like that it sounds pretty lame, eh? But, believe me or not, that statement took 5.5 years to put together. This is a pretty long post and if you want to miss it, feel free to. You would not be missing anything huge. Just some personal stuff.

    I think writing this without a full fledged 5.5 year explanation would be leaving it in the air for the reader. So, here it is. Have a pitcher of water by all means. Settle down and start reading.

    I was 18 when I started what can be called “The Pradx Project” with the aim of making me an athletic scholar. The name was inspired by the “Blair Witch Project”. The aim here was not to hunt down the Blair Witch, but to hunt down my inner most self and making it to do something – help me become an athletic scholar. 5.5 years down, I’m still fat and pretty a poor front benching student. 5.5 years down the line, one thing is pretty simple – The Pradx Project isn’t successful. There was one part of the project that worked pretty well – reading and writing. The writing section spewed many of the blog posts you read here (now you know why it’s pradx). The reading section was also a great trip starting out with Wodehouse and ending up with some pretty strong stuff.

    Take a sip, relax.

    Basically, Pradx Project was a self improvement project started by a simple half witted 18 year old. It did some cool things to me that I’m still committed to – reading, writing, SEDS, environment and education. But it ended up doing everything except improving me. The reason for this came to me like it always does during exams in December, 2008 – procrastination. In February 2009, I still have not gotten rid of that demon – procrastination. But, I’ve got lots of stuff in my brain (material) that I can now use in a variety of ways to help me and that way I think the 5.5 years is well spent.

    I’m giving you some hope now. Relax. Want to take a sip?

    Mom started me on this first. Push. Without starting there is nothing to work on. So, I started to get some very little work done from a sense of total procrastination. If you understand mechanical engineering, this was friction to the motion of the car of procrastination. The breaks have not been applied yet – the foot is going there towards the pedal. Reading and writing were the first agents that provided this friction from a sense of total procrastination. And perhaps, college. So, things look pretty gloomy right now, yeah? Well, its pretty hard to increase this friction without taking the foot and applying the brakes on procrastination and getting to work. This happened in a simple Tweet that Kirk sent me – (to paraphrase) no system would teach you discipline.

    Now, drink a long gulp, the next paragraph is going to get long…

    Discipline is a sore thumb for me. Krishnamurti and Osho got me worked up on how discipline was wreaking havoc on life. That thought process got on far enough to make me believe that discipline was a bad guy. But, then slowly I began to look at discipline that was being talked about in these lines and realised that they made more sense on external discipline – applied by some external agent (parents, peers, systems, God etc) and not a sense of internal discipline and planning that comes from within. Look at that internal discipline which gets automatically applied in any situation that helps you think it out, relax etc and you see that discipline was not such a bad nut you made him out to be after all. In fact, this ounce of discipline if applied at the beginning of the 5.5 years would have probably changed the 5.5 years entirely. Wow, cool discovery. Nudge it a little more and I found that this system (as spoken of in Zen etc) was already existent in me and I only had to be more aware of it and it automatically adjusted and worked for me. As Ray Bradbury puts it, you only have to get out of the way. Everyone was getting along really well until the I came in between.

    Phew. Now, with all of that out of the way let’s get back to the Purpose of Life statement. Yeah, its only starting now.

    This whole decade has been one of slowly rising environmental awareness. We’re looking at Nature and acknowledging that we’re not being fair on the Man-Nature relationships. We ought to give more to Nature than we’re taking from it. On the other hand, we’re also constantly improving Man to make him more biologically strong to work on the scarce environment. Hence, we’re working on both Man and Nature and the relationship is created by Engineering. If you have a trouble with that statement, sorry I’m not ready to debate it cause I already spent nearly five years on it and I’m moving on. Spend 5 years and think about it.

    The harmonisation of Man-Nature relationship helps me to be fit, to be athletic, to be studious, to be funny, to be a good parent (I’m not yet married – darn I don’t even have a girlfriend yet – applications invitedfor the post of girlfriend), to be a scientist, to be a researcher or even to be a sportsperson. Again, think about it for 5 hours before commenting – I took 5.5 years. The idea is to optimise both Man and Nature as much as possible and when it reaches its optimum to jump to the next planet.

    Outer Space provides this huge laboratory to check out Nature which you can look at through a microscope or through a telescope. Since, I really can’t stand up to long names, I prefer to look through telescopes than microscopes. Does that explain my interest in astronomy. A new love is radio astronomy where I hear the heartbeat of the Universe (a whole new world!). So, that’s how I’m checking out Nature.

    Energy is a simple and temporary hack for minimising the use of resources created for us by Nature. Think about it.

    Primary Education is a way to work on the Man. It’s the best place to work on the future batch of Man-Nature harmonisers, isn’t it?

  • The Adventurous Untour

    I was thinking of doing an untour for a very long time and finally got a chance to do it between January 4 and January 16 2009. This was perhaps the most unorganised trip that I have ever taken. A step ahead of what I did this time could possibly be a group untour where the group decided where to go together. That would be really cool to do. And, cooler still would be if the group is a bunch of strangers! Any takers? This would really amplify the concept of an untour.

    Anyway, only two things became certain about four days before the trip. The starting date was to be January 4 and was to be a train to Secunderabad. The last date was to be January 14 and was to be the train back to Mumbai. With these boundaries set, I set out to Secunderabad on January 4. I decided not to push my luck too much and agreed to stay with relatives and friends during the duration of the tour – money saved, parents happy. :)

    The train to Secunderabad took me on a  journey via Aurangabad. After Secunderabad, I hung out with Raghunandan in Hyderabad and had a glimpse into his hectic life. It is perhaps the most unorganised life that I have seen anyone lead. I went on a day long Hyderabad tour on a bus, the idea was to have an idea to say something that I did during this trip other than talk about and discuss about space – a sore point with my parents earlier and something I don’t bring up too often now. Anyway, I got a sub-10-degree-celsius-night sky observation junkett thanks to Raghunandan’s friends – Vaibhav and Partha on their cool 8-inch reflector scope. This was perhaps the highlight of the Hyderabad chapter of my trip.

    I then moved onto Vellore on a private bus (Kesineni, for the details people). Got down at Vellore in the early morning and moved into a TNSTC bus to Katpadi. From there I took a rickshaw to Vellore Institute of Technology. I spent three days there meeting the teams that work to run the SEDS chapter there(disclosure: I’m the President of SEDS, India), caught the updates on the conference and perhaps for the first time met three members of my Exec Comm face to face. It was a great experience none the less. Here too, thanks to a guy, I found out about a direct bus from Vellore to Trivandrum. We went out and booked a ticket for the 741 kms to Trivandrum.

    This part of the journey was largely spoiled by the fact that my stomach was upset with me. For perhaps the first time, I sat with out eating anything solid for about 24 hours. I broke that fast with a good lunch in the afternoon – home cooked food at Varkala. But, I’m getting ahead of myself. I came to Trivandrum Central and saw the famous Baker-style Indian Coffee House. I didn’t take a pic because my stomach was urging me to get home quickly. I took a bus from there to Varkala and covered the 41 kms distance.

    A small side adventure on the way back to Mumbai on the large 2048 kms journey back home. I had a small tweetup with @kg86, who’s with the Navy and who rode all the way from his base at Willingdon Island, Cochin to Ernakulam Stn as I passed through. Thank you, man, it was awesome meeting you there.

    The most important point of this untour was whether this is possible in India or not. If you’re adventurous enough, anything is possible. I really hope someone tries an all strangers untour of some region of India as suggested in the first paragraph and share their experiences on a blog.

  • Mumbai Science Tweetup #1

    I missed out on posting things asap in January, so trying to cover some lost ground here. This is mostly from memory, so there are bound to be some errors.

    A Tweetup is an offline meetup of people who use the service called Twitter, generally organised and publicised on the same service. It is open to everyone using the service. A Science Tweetup is an offline meetup of people who tweet about science or are generally passionate about science and technology. Rather than having the tweetup at a restaraunt or a coffee joint, I thought a science tweetup which is in the scene makes more sense than having tweetups in restaraunts. Thus the  idea of holding the first Mumbai Science Tweetup at the Nehru Science Centre occured and was accordingly held on January 3, 2009.

    Having the venue at Nehru Science Centre has it’s short comings. While the Planetarium is too famous, the Science Centre is not that well known. The Science Centre is located about 2-3 odd kms from Worli Naka on the route to the Mahalaxmi Railway Station. The Centre was under renovation for sometime but has come out of it with some pretty cool exhibits and experiments. The idea of the Centre is to allow the general public to understand science not through theory or vague mathematical equations, but actually experimenting with what’s happening and giving a simple description of the same in English and Hindi.

    Only two of (@pradx and @deltarx) us turned up for the first tweetup, which is not bad and is much better than a one person tweetup. All that matters is that both of us love and are passionate about science and we had a thoroughly wonderful experience at the Center. I really hope more people join us in the future perhaps after reading this. A big mistake that I made was not to charge up my mobile phone before getting to the Center, which essentially meant that I didn’t get many of the photographs that I thought I would. Well, I can always go back there on a later date :).

    The major attraction of this tweetup was to be the newly opened dome theatre at the Center. The theatre is really cool, surrounded by a timeline photo exhibition beginning from the big bang and moving forward in time as we go towards the theatre entry. The seats were simple and comfortable (you don’t expect better seats @ Rs. 40, do you?) and the show was called the Serengetti. The experience was awesome and there were some giggles during the lion-lioness uncensored sex scene. The sound could have been better but overall it was a nice experience. I wouldn’t mind giving the experience a 3/5. As we come out, we catch up on the time line and walk out as human beings begin to populate the continents.

    Since there were only two of us and both were aerospace buffs, we decided to spend max time in the Aerospace exhibit in the -1 floor. I just can’t speak enough of this exhibit and the part it played in my early love for engines and rockets. The climax of this exhibit for me was at the Space Mission Control exhibit. They had linked up the computer to the live on-board feed for IRS-P3 (orbit, orbital visualisation, temperature and such parameters).

    We subsequently went for lunch in the Centre canteen and then went through the exhibits called Sound, Light, Prehistoric eras, Hair, etc.

    I will try and post a link to images as soon as I upload them on Flickr or perhaps somewhere else on this website. Will update this post accordingly.

  • Midnight Stroll

    After completing the required nocturnal duties at my grandparents’ place I prepared for a 2.3 kms night time stroll around 11 pm. To accompany me was my faithful fully charged mobile phone with music loaded. I started off with “Tum Se Hi” from Jab We Met.

    Chembur at night is a sight to withhold, nothing like its daytime counter part, a time when you really realise how wide the roads are, how shady the trees and perhaps which street lights blink and which don’t. The stretch was spent on speed walking and therefore I didn’t have much time to think about anything. The street lights were covered by wonderful shady trees. The only thing I can remember now about this stretch which lasted about 5 mins was the cool breeze.

    The second section of the walk I slowed down as did the music – “I Hope You Dance” by Lee Ann Womack played into my ears. I guess I felt some kind of hope in efforts I was making to get myself a job (top priority in any Indian family) and thought to myself that I could even perhaps open a space consultancy firm. The only question arising is whom will I consult with. I think I have an idea or two up my sleave besides consulting (I really doubt if multi nationals will consult with a person fresh out of college) which I still need to work on. Shelve that and immediate concerns come up – getting home, worries about grandpa’s health and my brother’s exam tomorrow balanced out with working on my own study schedule. You really get shaped in an all round manner like never before if you want to in those 4 years that you do engineering with Mumbai University (considered one of the toughest and best universities in the country).

    The third section of the walk had me listening to Delhi 6 and the Masakali song. I think it refers to a pigeon. Anyway, there are several interpretations on the meaning of the song, I take it as an adventures of a pigeon song. Kinda fits. After this initial bantering about recent events, I settled down to a steady pace and looked up to the sky for the first time. Reason: No shady trees. That was a breath taking sight to behold. Hardly ever have I seen a sky like this over Mumbai. Thoughts about space naturally creep in. The upcoming SINC 2009, thinking about ideas for activities to do in IYA 2009 and trying to identify constellations (which I’m trying to learn on the sly). Besides Orion (which is perhaps the famous constellation) I also spotted Canis Major. A wonderful sight in all and perhaps a few more stars than you would expect to see here.

    As I closed in, Slumdog Millionaire’s Mausam & Escape provided a breath taking back ground music score for the skies above. They should try it in Planetariums perhaps. I was then distracted by the acrid smell from the burning at the nearby Deonar Dumping Grounds and that pretty much spoiled my mood for anything more and I sat down to one more round of twittering, contrary to the “no-gprs-till-Thursday” plea. Sigh.

    I guess besides everything, this post tries to give you an insight into my thought structure and how some of the songs affected my thinking. I am planning to do this on my morning stroll to the railway station, where my thoughts always seem to be crowded on the day ahead and I could use some de-stressing. Let’s experiment, I don’t plan to share the results publicly, they’ll be in my notebook.

  • First Telescope based Observation

    I’d been on a trip to Hyderabad-Vellore-Thiruvananthapuram. At Hyderabad, my friend from Planetary Society, India took me for my first night sky observation through a telescope and my first International Year of Astronomy 2009 observation.

    We got there around 8:30 pm after a day long tour of Hyderabad. Wasn’t too tired keeping in mind the astronomy. The place was a place close to the border of Osmania University called Ramanathapuram. This place actually had temperatures a few degrees below the norm.

    It started getting shivery after a while. We headed to the place where the scope was kept along with the accompanying kit and motorcycled it to the observation place. Raghunandan at this point, likened it to taking India’s first sounding rocket on a cycle. Telescope on a motorcycle. Heheh. Please don’t forget that we’re still shivering. It was cold. 9 degrees C without any warm clothes.

    As we dropped the telescope at home, we headed for dinner on the motorbike – the wind made the whole thing even worse and it became shivering cold. Actually felt my knee joints shiver.

    Back at the observation post, we discovered the Moon didn’t help too much of the deep sky observation but we pointed it to the Moon and saw its termination line. We also got sight of the Orion nebulae.

    We then settled down into bed and then early morning we got up for a beautiful glimpse at Saturn. We had a lot of fun in between exploring UFO and aliens in space possibilities including several ideas for infra-red telescopes. Lots of fun!

  • Visit to Nehru Planetarium 01-01-2009

    I thought it was a good way to mark the International Year of Astronomy by going to a venue where the general public in Mumbai readily associate with Astronomy – Nehru Planetarium. I reached there around 1130 hrs in the morning expecting to catch up if there was a global solar observation campaign at mid-day. There was none, so I caught up with the Discovery of India exhibition at the Nehru Centre nearby. They don’t allow photography inside, but that’s good because it’s a free entry exhibition that anyone who visits Mumbai should see. It’d be best to see it not as a part of packaged tour mode.

    Well, the Planetarium looked pretty normal. No written note informing us about the International Year of Astronomy. The Planetarium book store is also pretty ordinary. As a child, I remembered seeing better telescopes and binocs than the current ones kept on display. The companies were non-descripit. The Indian telescope companies like Tejraj were missing or were they in a store room somewhere? They do keep basic stuff like star charts etc. Then there are lots of comic and cookery books. I actually saw two ladies go in there and buy cookery books! From a Planetarium!

    Going inside, I expected a verbal mention of International Year of Astronomy in the talk given at the foyer where you’re basically introduced to the solar system and get to see the lunar and martian surfaces and weighing yourself on Earth, a few of the planets, the Sun and the Moon (it’s a bit goofy but fun). I actually saw a man showing his weights on different planets and trying to explain to him the effect gravity had on weight but not on mass. That was quite cool, I thought and in that way, I guess that exhibit did serve some purpose besides fun!

    Dr. Piyush Pandey, the Director of the Planetarium is on the Outreach Committee of IYA 2009 celebrations in India, for which IUCAA is the nodal agency. So, I really did expect some mention of it at his Planetarium. I did see him but didn’t want to disturb him as he was entertaining some guests. Mr. Manoj Pai of the Confederation of Indian Amateur Astronomers (CIAA) later told me that in a press note released by IUCAA said that India’s IYA 2009 inaugration is happening on 10th January 2009 in Pune.

    Next up was the short video on Kalpana Chawla. This video has been shown since the tragic Columbia disaster in 2003. It has now been added with a small list of an astronomical presentation (astronomy institutions, celestial events etc.). I thought that Kalpana Chawla video would have served as a wonderful introduction to the perseverance of mankind in exploring outer space. That despite such disasters, man will go back to outer space and that the loss of her life would be used as a lesson to prevent such disasters in the future. This would have also been a good introduction to India’s own human space flight programme. The training complex will be in Bangalore and all the budding astronauts in the large child audience there could have learnt that they now didn’t have to go to NASA to become an astronaut! Missed oppertunities.

    On the way to the sky theatre are ofcourse various outer space images and Indian space craft exhibits. Got a wonderful seat and watched the Planetarium’s 33rd show called “Secrets of the Sun & Conquest of the Moon”. So, we did see the Sun using SOHO images in ultraviolet! Telescope with filters might have been more fun, but what the heck. They also showed a Chandrayaan 1 animation they had prepared for the launch, which showed the space craft reaching the moon in 5.5 days instead of the longer 15 day trek that took it there in reality. The show was prepared before the launch and I’m sure they would not have anticipated ISRO’s change of launch strategy at the time they made this. The animation of the Moon Impact Probe was much more believeable than the ones we saw on TV during the event on November 14.

    These presentations do cost a lot of money to make. Each show costs the Planetarium about Rs. 5-10 lakh rupees. I put forth this idea with Mr. Rathore, with whom I had 5 min discussion about possibly involving student volunteers to make these shows. It’s an experience for the kids and might cut atleast some cost for the Planetarium. I also recently read on a mailing list I’m on that Indian Planetariums are really under-funded to the extent of not having standard and sound academic journals. Really tough times for these guys. It would be great if bollywood stars or industrialists with some interest in astronomy, donate to these institutions of science.

    Anyway, the last scene showed a possibility of Indian astronaut setting up a robotic telescope facility on the Moon for India to explore the skies. India does have some experience with robotic facilities since its observatory at Hanle, Jammu & Kashmir, the second highest observatory in the world, is controlled from the south Indian city of Bangalore by the Indian Institute of Astrophysics. They would probably do more of the control when India launches Astrosat (telescopes on satellite with capability of viewing an object on all wavelengths simultaneously) later this year or next year.

    All in all, the next decade might just become the golden era of Indian Space Exploration, possibly not as path breaking scientifically as Aryabhata’s prediction of heliocentricity, eclipse and planetary orbit predictions, but definitely a technological boost for the country. I really hope that Indian planetaria uses IYA 2009 to improve themselves and present a better experience to the general Indian public. In an era of Discovery Channel, YouTube and several online resources, it is difficult to survive or thrive but it is an experience for the kids equalled only by a trip to space!

  • The Telescopes on the Tour

    Wishing one and all a Happy New Year. In the coming year, 2009, I’ll be going on a tour of some of the observatories in India. The trip can, perhaps be best described as a pilgrimage to the Holy places of astronomy in the country, with a connection to the heavens! I like how that snugly fits the description. So, without much ado, here is the list of observatories I plan on visiting, subject to their approval:

    1. Indian Astronomical Observatory, Hanle
    2. ARIES, Nainital
    3. DU Observatory
    4. Mt. Abu Observatory
    5. Girawali Observatory
    6. GMRT, Narayangaon
    7. Osmania Univ Observatory, Hyderabad
    8. CREST, Bangalore
    9. Ooty Observatory
    10.Vainu Bappu Observatory, Kavalur
    11. Kodaikanal Observatory

    In addition to going there physically and adding pictures and videos, I would also like to take the oppertunity to adding information related to all these observatories on various online sources – Wikimapia and Wikipedia. The entries on Wikipedia especially are deplorable. Updates on this blog will also include these efforts.

    In addition, throughout the year, it would be lovely to interact with the many amateur astronomy clubs that dot India. From January 4 – 15 I will be travelling through Hyderabad, Vellore, Trichy and Thiruvanathapuram. If you happen to have an astronomy club on this route please inform me and I’ll try to make it to your place during my journeys. These might be a good way to spend the nights!

    Hopefully, by the end of 2009, I would have covered a fair cross section of the astronomy community in India.

  • More News about GSLV

    The successor of India’s current workhorse, the PSLV is the GSLV and has been in development/improvement mode for quite some time. Since the cryogenic engine’s flight acceptance test, the GSLV to which the engine is likely to be integrated has been on the news.

    A report in the Economic Times today quoted K. Radhakrishnan, Director, VSSC (India’s rocketry hub) as saying that the GSLV will be used for India’s manned mission and possibly India’s first mission to Mars in 2013.

    Also under development is the awesomely named GSLV Mk III. This rocket is expected to halve the cost of sending a payload into space! Think of the benefits and advantage this could be for Antrix, which has already made Rs. 1000 crores this year in the launch and satellite segments and which aims to grow at a steady 20% pa! After the flight trials slated for 2010-11 are over, this would really be a great competitor. Also, the GSLV Mk III will help India’s own space ambitions by being able to send more Indians on one flight than the GSLV and also sending sizeable payloads into deep space for missions to Mars. This could also be a great vehicle for the proposed missions to the asteroid and also the cometary flyby. By the time these missions are slated for, GSLV and GSLV Mk III would more or less prove their reliability and safety.

    The regular GSLV can put a 2.2 tonne payload into GTO or send a 500 kg payload to Mars, according to the VSSC Director. The Mk III on the other hand will be capable of delivering a 4 tonne payload into GTO and much heavier payload to Mars. Interesting times are ahead!

  • India: Space in 2008

    On November 21, 1963, a Nike-Apache rocket blasted off from the Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station at Thumba, Kerala. This event signalled the dawn of the Indian Space Programme. In 2003, India commemorated the 40th anniversary of the sounding rocket launch with a speech delivered by R Aravamudan, an adivsor to ISRO and a person who has been associated with the effort from much before the sounding rocket launch. The Indian Space Programme was picked out from a large talent pool within the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) by the father of the Indian Space Programme, Vikram Sarabhai.

    Unlike many space programmes around the world, the Indian Space Programme progressed at a steady pace. In what can be called the Vikram Sarabhai decade stretching out from 1963 to 1973, the period was for vision, sowing the seeds of the programme, getting the key people together and setting up of various resources required for the development of these programmes. The second decade under the healm of Satish Dhawan from 1973 to 1983, India delineated the Space Programme, got Government approvals (ISRO became a government body in 1972 and was formed out of INCOSPAR). In this decade, India saw the launch of it’s first satellite, Aryabhata in 1975 and also the development of the indigenous Satellite Launch Vehicle by Abdul Kalam. Almost simultaneously, the USA applied sanctions against India on the export of dual-use technology to India. India was thus forced to look at indigenous solutions. Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE), called the largest social space experiment in the world, also happened during this time. The third decade was under U R Rao (1983-1993), was a learning period of India. A period of sub-system and launch vehicle component development, testing out of the new launch vehicles (ASLV and PSLV) yielding significant data, setting up and operationalising of the remote sensing programmes, development of ground infrastructure and launch of operational satellites in geosynchronus and low earth orbits. It was in this decade, that India had its first Cosmonaut in Rakesh Sharma who famously said,”Saare jahan se acha, Hindustan hamara” (More beautiful than all lands on Earth is our nation, India). The fourth decade came up under Dr. Kasturirangan (1993-2003), saw rich returns for India’s investments in the space programme. Successes with launches and launch vehicle technologies like the PSLV and GSLV ensured with an assured safety gave India the confidence to move ahead. It was around this time that ISRO’s commercial arm, Antrix Corporation was setup. India began to provide launch facilites for international customers. The end of this decade was also when ISRO claimed in 1999 that it was ready for a journey to the moon and the root of Chandrayaan 1 lay. The programme was announced in 2003, giving ISRO the go-ahead for the programme.The current decade is under the healm of Madhavan Nair and is expected to stretch out till 2013. We’re already seeing the boost of Indian space science missions along with other satellite missions of the INSAT and IRS classes. Astrosat is another space science mission expected in 2009-10 timeframe. The expansion of the space science programme is a wonderful thing to be a part of.

               
    With this back ground, I think we can more realistically look at ISRO’s successes in 2008. 2008’s crowning glory for ISRO is India’s maiden mission to the Moon (Video – requires Internet Explorer), Chandrayaan 1. The beautiful launch (Video – requires Internet Explorer) with monsoon clouds for a back drop, the thrilling sensation as the PSLV went into and burst out of a bank of clouds are perhaps the most wonderful images/videos to come from the Indian space programme. It happened on October 22, 2008. A little more than a fortnight later on the momentous occassion of Children’s Day (the birthday of Jawaharlal Nehru, the man who backed the initiation of the Indian space and nuclear programmes when India had just attained freedom), the Moon Impact Probe crash landed on the surface of the Moon, signalling India’s presence there with a symbolic flag painted on all sides of the MIP. This heralded India’s entry into the deep space missions category. Later in December, India completed the design phase of Chandrayaan II and announced that it would be on track to reach the lunar surface in 2012. Chandrayaan 1 also announced a low cost access to space by costing only $79 million, much of which was invested in technology and training that would aid future space missions of India.

    In the launch vehicle section, the PSLV which also put Chandrayaan 1 in orbit, scored a success by placing 10 satellites in orbit. This was using only its core rockets and without using its strap-ons. The satellites, placed in orbit including the Indian CARTOSAT-2A and IMS-1 (Indian Mini Satellite) and eight foriegn payloads had to be done with great precision to ensure that satellites do not hit each other and are placed in appropriate orbits, as per requirements. This success in April 28, 2008, assured ISRO of the reliability and flexibility of the PSLV as a launch vehicle. There were also significant gains in the indigenous cryogenic rocket technology, which passed flight acceptance on December 18. The engine will fly with GSLV-D3.

    In the commercial satellites section too it has been a great year. Antrix Corporation, ISRO’s commercial arm started the year with a secret launch of Israel’s millitary satellite. It’s achievements also include the development of TECSAR and W2M. W2M, the more recent launch on 20 December, 2008, was built for the European telecom giant, Eutelsat. Built in an awesome 26 months for an amazing $80 million, ISRO managed to meet all deadlines set down by Eutelsat. The W2m also allowed India an opportunity to control the launch and early orbit phases of operations from its Master Control Facility, Hassan. In addition to these big commercial successes, Antrix also continued supporting the launch of nanosatellites.

    ISRO also ended 2008 on a high note by announcing a slew of upcoming missions/partnerships. India announced that it would be on Mars by 2013 and said it had evolved missions for landing a space craft on an asteroid and a comet flyby missions. Many of the major announcements related to the Indian human space flight programme. The ISRO chief announced that any Indian who was healthy and physically fit can join up into what would be India’s astronaut corps. It also announced a venture with Russian Roskosmos, where it said that India would use a re-modelled form of the Soyuz for its human space flight in 2015. India also announced a joint 2-manned mission with Russia ala Rakesh Sharma’s flight with erstwhile USSR.

    It has been a great and busy year for India and hopefully 2009 will see more missions,more scientific results, more social aid, more commercial benefits and more exciting missions. Wishing all of you a happy and prosperous 2009!